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Table 1 Mandarin applicatives in three tiers

From: High applicatives are not high enough: a cartographic solution

 

Exclamative force

Speaker-orientedness

Unergative predicate

Pass. of IO

Pass. of DO

Static possession

High

Affective

Ok

Ok

Ok

*

*

*

Middle

Benefactive

*

*

*

*

Ok

*

Affective

*

*

*

Ok

*

Ok (implied)

Low

Benefactive

*

*

*

*

*

Ok (entailed)