Fig. 6

Waveforms and spectrograms for a [d] as in 字 jī “Chinese character,” b [ˡd] as in 阿如 A-jû “person’s name,” c [ⁿd] as in 入去 ji̍p-khì “to enter,” d [ð] as in 禮拜二 lé-pài-jī “Tuesday,” and e [^lð] as in 阿如 A-jû “person’s name.” The shaded areas in b–e indicate the waveforms for the prelateralization of [ˡd], the prenasalization of [ⁿd], the voiced frication of [ð], and the voiced frication of [^lð], respectively. The downward arrows in a−c indicate the bursts of the stops. The left-right arrow beneath the spectrogram in a indicates the voice bar of [d]